PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF HYOSCYAMUS AUREUS L. LEAF EXTRACT
AIREMWEN COLLINS OVENSERI1,4,*, HALILU MSHELIA EMMANUEL1,2, OMOBOYEDE OJO4, OBARISIAGBON AIWAGUORE JOHNBULL3
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Afr. J Pharm Res Dev; Volume 17(1): 18-26 ; 2025
ABSTRACT
Hyoscyamus aureus L belongs to the Family, Solanaceae and it has been used both in ancient times and in modern medical practice for the treatment of certain disease conditions such as the relief of pain, inflammation, constipation, palpitations of the heart, cough, treatment of rheumatism, and rejuvenation of the body tissues and cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the leaf extract. The leaves were equally subjected to microscopic, macroscopic, and physicochemical examinations. The antioxidant assay was done using the DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and β-carotene methods. The macroscopic examination of the plant showed a brownish-green powder with a characteristic smell and taste, and a gritty texture. The microscopic evaluation revealed the presence of microscopic structures such as stomata and trichomes. The antimicrobial evaluation was done using the agar disk diffusion method. The results of the physicochemical analyses showed a moisture content of 5.5%, ash content of 6.0%, while the alcohol-soluble and petroleum ether soluble values were 5.0% and 8.0%, respectively. The results of the phytochemical tests revealed the presence of flavonoids, tropane alkaloids and quinones. The antioxidant assay results revealed that the leaf extract demonstrated significant free radical scavenging activity compared to the standard, with IC50 values of 3.25 and 2.18 mg/mL for the extract and ascorbic acid, respectively. The antimicrobial studies showed zones of inhibition ranging from 5.94-9.38 mm, which indicated significant antibacterial activity against both the gram-positive and negative bacteria used in the research. The findings of this research showed that leaf extract possessed significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Keywords: Alkaloids, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Hyoscyamus aureus
Email of correspondence: collins.airemwen@uniben.edu;
https://doi.org/10.59493/ajopred/2025.1.3 ISSN: 0794-800X (print); 1596-2431 (online)