EVALUATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL AND ITS PREDICTORS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS RECEIVING TREATMENT IN A NIGERIAN HOSPITAL
Biambo AA1*, Usman N1, Samaila A1, Ija AM1, Abubakar K2
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Afr. J Pharm Res Dev; Volume 10(2): 091-098 ; 2018
ABSTRACT
Despite treatment initiation, blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients was mostly not achieved due to the effect of other associating factors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the BP control and factors affecting it among hypertensive patients in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto. A retrospective longitudinal design and systematic random sampling was used to select the records of 400 patients that were placed on antihypertensive medication(s) after diagnosis. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as well as 12-months medication and BP records of the patients were collected in a data collection form. The data were analysed for descriptive, chi-square, correlation and logistic regression statistics using SPSS version 20 at p<0.05. Most of the patients (59.8%) were female with an average age of 52.7 ± 12.4 years. Methyldopa (31.0%), Amlodipine (28.9%) and Lisinopril (15.8%) were the most prescribed antihypertensives. Each patient was prescribed an average of 5.5 ± 1.9 different antihypertensives with 3.5 ± 1.2 changes in regimen within 12-monnths of treatment initiation. Only 47.0% of the patients had their BP controlled. Chi square and correlation analyses shows that female gender, younger age, baseline BP and frequent changes in regimen were significantly associated with poor BP control. Logistic regression model shows that the odds of BP being controlled is reduced by 87% and 37% for stage 2 hypertensives (OR = 0.13) and for every unit increase in the number of antihypertensives prescribed (OR = 0.63) respectively. In conclusion, patients in the facility had poor BP control. Female gender, younger age, baseline BP, and frequent changes in regimen were associated with poor BP control. Stage of hypertension and number of antihypertensives prescribed were the independent predictors of BP control. Adherence to guidelines and Pharmaceutical Care intervention are necessary for better patients’ outcomes.
Email of correspondence:biambo.aminu@udusok.edu.ng
KEYWORDS: Blood Pressure Control, Hypertensive Patients, Predictors, Nigeria