PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS’ WOUNDS IN BARAU DIKKO TEACHING HOSPITAL, KADUNA, NIGERIA
MATHEW BOBAI1,*, DANJUMA LAWAL2, SANI MUHAMMAD NURA2, ISTIFANUS ANEKOSON JOSHUA3
1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
2. Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria.
3. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University,
Kaduna, Nigeria.
Afr. J Pharm Res Dev; Volume 14(2): 096-118 ; 2022
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients’ wounds in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Sixty wound swabs were collected from in –and out – patients in the hospital. Each of the collected wound swab was inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at 370 C for 24 hrs, then sub-cultured on cetrimide and mannitol salt agar (MSA) at 370 C for 24 hrs for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The presumptive organisms were sub-cultured on MacConkey and Baird Parker agar respectively for identification based on cultural characteristics, followed by biochemical characterization using standard procedures. Three representative isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were confirmed using molecular methods. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against conventional antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation and extended spectrum beta-lactamase production by the isolates were determined using standard procedures. Out of the 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates screened using 11 antibiotics; 11 (100.0 %) were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, meropenem, and nalidixic acid; 8 (72.7 %) resistant to kanamycin and tetracycline, 7 (63.6 %) resistant to ceftriazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 4 (36.4 %) resistant to gentamycin, 2 (8.2 %) resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 11 (100.0 %) were sensitive to imipenem. Similarly, out of the 11 Staphylococcus aureus isolates screened using 12 antibiotics, 2(18.2 %) were resistant to gentamycin, 3(27.3 %) resistant to kanamycin, 5(45.5 %) resistant to ciprofloxacin, 7(63.6 %) resistant to chloramphenicol and vancomycin, 10(90.9 %) resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and sulphamethoxazole, and 11(100.0 %) resistant to ceftazidime, ampicillin, oxacillin and cefoxitin. Eleven (100.0 %) isolates were sensitive to imipenem. All the 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were non-biofilm formers and 3 were extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers. The 11 Staphylococcus aureus strains were biofilm formers. These findings are of public health importance, therefore, there is need for public education on rational drug prescription and use.
Email of correspondence: bobaimathkaya@yahoo.com;
KEYWORDS: Multidrug Resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Wound; Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital.