PREVALENCE AND IDENTIFICATION OF NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS AMONGST IN-PATIENTS ATTENDING SOBI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, ILORIN, NIGERIA
IFEDUNNI BISOLA BADA-SIYEDE1, OLATUNJI MATTHEW KOLAWOLE1,*, ABDULLAH OLAJIDE OMOOLA1, MUHAMMED MUSTAPHA SULEIMAN1,2, FAITH FERANMI FOLAHAN1
- Infectious Disease and Environmental Health Research group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life
Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. - Biological Science Research Hub, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University, Offa, Kwara
State, Nigeria.
Afr. J Pharm Res Dev; Volume 14(2): 076-086 ; 2022
ABSTRACT
Nosocomial infections have consistently been a serious public health concern across the globe, and a major concern in developing countries. A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out to assess the incidence and prevalence of nosocomial pathogens among in-patients. A total of 300 blood samples were collected from consenting in-patients within ages 0 to 26years over a period of 4 months from December 2020 and March 2021. Standardized close-ended questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic data of participants. Of the 300 samples collected, 93 (31%) were positive for the presence of nosocomial pathogens. The most prevalent was Bacillus cereus, 53 (57%) while Escherichia coli, 3 (3.2%) had the least. Prevalence of infection was highest among age-group ≥26yrs (65.6%) while no infection was detected in patients <18yrs. Females (67%) had higher record of participation in this study and consequently had higher positivity (80.6%) than their male counterparts (33% and 19.4% respectively) (p<0.05). Gender (p=0.003), exposure to invasive techniques/procedures (p=0.00), duration of hospitalization (p=0.039), nature of illness (0.001) and prolonged use of antibiotics (0.00) were significant risk factors for nosocomial infection identified in this study. It is therefore pertinent to setup surveillance system for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance that could result from continuous localized transmission of infections in healthcare facilities. Early detection of disease onset is pertinent for appropriate empirical therapy in the case of any identified blood stream infection. Likewise, adequate health awareness on the mode of transmission, impact and control of nosocomial infections is needed, to propel a conscious, self-motivated precautionary behaviour in individuals.
Email of correspondence: tomak7475@gmail.com;
KEYWORDS: Nosocomial infections; In-patients; Bacillus cereus; Hospitalization.