THE ADJUVANT EFFECT OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE EXTRACT AND SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE NIOSOMES ON LA SOTA® VACCINE IN BROILERS
Onuigbo E*1, Onugwu A2, Nworu CS3, Attama A2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nsukka, Nigeria
2Department of Pharmaceutics University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nsukka, Nigeria
3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nsukka, Nigeria
Afr. J Pharm Res Dev; Volume 9(2): 168-174; Nov/Dec 2017
ABSTRACT
Newcastle disease is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting poultry and economy. This research seeks to investigate the adjuvant effect of Zingiber officinale (ZO) and sorbitan monostearate(Span 60) niosomes on La Sota® vaccine in broilers. The vesicles of the niosomal La Sota® vaccine was characterized for particle size and zeta potential. Five groups of twenty birds each were evaluated for immune responses to Newcastle disease vaccine. One group was given Zingiber officinale as well as La Sota® vaccine encapsulated in sorbitan monostearate noisomes. The birds vaccinated with the ZO/Span 60 niosomal ND vaccine had the highest mean antibody titer of (log2) 8.20 0.13 which was significantly higher than the live La Sota® group with (log2) 6.40 0.56. The unvaccinated groups did not produce any immune responses to Newcastle disease antigen. Nine out of ten birds in the unvaccinated group died while none of the birds died from the vaccinated groups. The stability of the ZO/Span 60 niosomal ND vaccine was also assessed through haematology and biochemical studies. The results showed stability at extreme conditions. Administering Zingiber officinale with La Sota® vaccine encapsulated in sorbitan monostearate niosomes could be a promising immunoenhancer for La Sota® vaccine.
KEYWORDS: La Sota® vaccine, Newcastle disease, Niosome, Sorbitan monostearate, Zingiber officinale
*Corresponding author: ebele.onuigbo@unn.edu.ng;